Soil contamination refers to the presence of harmful chemicals and pollutants in the soil that can negatively impact plant and animal life, as well as human health. This can occur through various activities such as industrial processes, agricultural practices, improper waste disposal, and accidental spills. Contaminants in soil can include heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum products, and other toxic chemicals. These pollutants can leach into groundwater, run off into surface water sources, and accumulate in plants and animals, posing risks to human health through direct contact, ingestion, or inhalation of contaminated soil or food products. Research in soil contamination focuses on identifying sources of contamination, assessing the extent of pollution, developing remediation strategies to clean up contaminated sites, and understanding the potential health risks associated with exposure to contaminated soil. This research is important for protecting the environment, safeguarding human health, and ensuring the sustainability of agricultural practices.